Well-drilling machine



(No Model.) 1 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

- J. BONNER, Jr., & H. A. OTTO.

WELL DRILLING MACHINE. 0. 300,222. PatentedJune 10, 1884. .0

(N0 Modl.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. G0NNER,J1-., & H. A. OTTO.

WELL DRILLING MACHINE.

No. 300,222. Patented June 10, 1884.

N. PETERS. Phcko-Limognphbr, Wahkvgian IML UNITED STATES Jenn oonnnn,JR, on

PATENT Fries.

WELL-DRlLLlNG MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION foiming part of Letters Patent No. 300,222, dated June 10,1884.

Application filed February 19, 1884. (No model.)

To ctZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, JOHN CONNER, Jr., of Cannonsburg,in thecountyofhvashington, and HENRY A. O'rro, of Allegheny, in the county ofAllegheny, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Well-Drilling Apparatus; and we do hereby declarethat the following is a full, clear, and exact description of theinvention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which. itappertains to make and use the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings,which.for1n a part of this specification, inwhich- Figure 1 is a side elevation from one side. Fig. 2 is a similarelevation from the opposite side, and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal verticalsection.

The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus for drillingArtesian and other wells by means of asimple constructionwhich, whilecheaplybuilt, shall beeiiicient and capable of every sort of adjustmentto adapt it to any required work.

The invention consists in the construction and arrangement of devices,substantially as hereinafter fully described and claimed. In apparatusof this kind now in use we have observed that the mechanism adapted forgiving motion to the drilling-tool produced violent jarring of the wholemachine, thereby introducing an element of destruction to the mechanism,and rendering it a difiicult task to maintain the machine in asteadyposition while working. Further, in most cases a derrick is usedwith the machine, and this has always been an independent structure,whose erection and lowering take a great deal of valuable time andlabor. Further, it is in most cases a task requiring great watchfulnessand manual skill to properly feed the tool as the work progresses. Byour invention we have aimed to surmount these difficulties and construct a machine whose every function is under complete control andrequires no special skill to operate.

More particularly, our invention is as follows: The apparatus issupported on a rectangular frame, a a a, at one end of which theuprights are extended, and form pivotal supportsb for a swingingderrick, c, at whose top are two sheaves-one, d, for the drilling-ropee, and the other, f, for the sand-pump rope g. The foot of the derrick0, when vertical, extends below the pivotal line, and the derrick, inlowering, drops baokwardly over the machine,whileits bottom swings upoutwardly away from the machine. Suitable stops and, if desired, looksor latches may be arranged to hold the derrick vertical when at work.The derrick is lowered for more convenience in moving the machine fromplace to place. For this raising and loweringwe arrange in the followingmanner: In suitable hearings on frame a, preferably near its front orderrick end, we journal a winding shaft or reel, h, carrying at one enda gear-wheel, t, into which meshes the worm 7.: of shaft Z, suitablyjournaled on frame a, and having a handwheel, m, at the front end of theframe. To the lower extension of the derrick c we attach one, orpreferably two, ropes or chains, a, whose other ends arefixed so as towind upon the reel h or unwind therefrom. When the derrick is in loweredposition, as in Fig. 1, we have simply to turn the hand-wheel in adirection to wind up the rope or ropes n, which then pull the lowerextension of derrick c downwardly and elevate its main structure. Tolower the derrick this operation is reversed. During these movements ofthe derrick the ropes e and 9 will usually remain in position on theirrespective sheaves. Across the top of the frame a a we journal the maindrum A, upon which is wound a suitable length of the drilling-rope 0. Atthe ends outside the frame we place on the shaft of drum A therespective gear-wheels o and 12, wheel 0 being keyed to the shaft, andwheel 19 loose, connected to the shaft through the medium of a pawl, g,on the wheel 1), and a ratchet-wheel, r, keyed or otherwise fastened tothe shaft. While the weight of the tool is on the free end of rope c,drum Ais locked by the worm s, which is fixed on a shaft, t, suitablyjournaled to the side of frame aa, and we tending out to a hand-wheel,u, at the front end of said frame. While the drill is operating a slightturn of the hand-wheel it rotates the drum A and gives the proper feedto the rope,

and the slightest degree of progressive feed may be thus easilyeffected, as is obvious. At the back end of the frame a a we journaltransversely the main driving-shaft B, which receives motion by apulley, O, at its center, driven by a belt, D, from a steam-engine orother motor, which shaft B is in continuous motion while thedrilling-machine is in operation. The said shaft revolves in thedirection indicated by arrows. By thus placing the main pulley O at thecenter of the end of the machine we at once secure comparativestability, and the machine requires but little staking to preserve it ina fixed position. At that end of shaft B corresponding to the positionof fixed gear-wheel 0 of drum A, we fix a wide pulley, E, which by beltF gives motion to the fast and loose pulleys G and H, which are on shaftI, which is suitably journaled to frame a a, and carries a pinion, o,meshing with the said gear-wheel 0, as shown. The belt Fis made to runat will on the fast or loose pulley G or H by means of the shifter L,which also extends to the front end of the frame a a, as shown. Bythrowing the shifter L till the belt F runs on the tight pulley G, therevolution of pinion 11 turns the drum A and winds up the rope e,thereby elevating the tools as far as desired, whereupon the shifter Lis restored to its original position.

The tools on rope c are rapidly lowered into the well in the followingmanner. Shaft j of drum A has a friction-wheel, M, fixed to it, asshown, and a suitable brake shoe or strap, 10, of any desired form, isarranged on frame a a, so as to be operated by a long hand-lever, ag,extending to the front of frame a a, as shown. VVorn1-shaft thas aslight inclination, as shown, and has a stop-collar, 2 On frame a, or ontheboxing of said shaft t, we place a swinging latch-block, 2, arrangedto drop over shaft 25 in front of collar 1 when the worm s is in fullengagement with gear-wheel p, and thus prevent its motion forwardly; butby lifting the block 2 shaft tslips forwardlyand permits the worm s tomove out of engagement with wheel 1), whereupon the drum A is free tounwind, and the weight of the drilling-tools applies force to the drum,whose tendency to unwind is then readily governed by the brake-lever 00,so that the tools may be lowered at any desired speed. WVhen they aresufficiently lowered, the brake is used till the hand-wheel a is rotatedsufficiently for the worm s to draw itself into gear with wheel 1), uponwhich block z is droppedagain, and the brake may be released. Across theupper portion of the rear end of frame a we journal the sand-pump reelN, upon which is wound the sand-pump rope g, which proceeds thencedirectly to and over the sheave f on derrick c. On the end of maindriving -shaft B opposite that having pulley O we fix a wide pulley, P,which is in continuous rotation in the direction indicated by arrow. Onthe corresponding end of the shaft or journal of the sand-pump reel N wefix a pulley, O, and hang a yoke, Q, which ator places his foot ontreadle c, which throws idler R between the bite of pulleys O and P,thus by friction giving motion to the sandp'ump reel N, which then windsup rope g and lifts the sand-pump out of the well.

One of the principal features of our invention is the peculiar devicefor giving the proper rise and fall to the tools, A shaft, S, issuitably journaled across frame a a, and fixed to this or swinging on itis an L-shaped vibrating lever, '1, one of-whose arms, f, carries aswiveled sheave, 9, under which the drillingrope 6 passes before risingto the derricksheave d, and the other of whose arms, h, is bifurcated,as shown, and forms a slide or link for the operating crank-pin. A belt,it, from pulley P passes to a fast pulley, Z, andaloose pulley, m, on ashaft, 91., journaled in the frame a a. Shaft 12 also carries a pinion,p, which meshes with a gear-wheel, V, on a shaft,

r,vto which is also fixed acrank-disk, W,

which carries a crank-pin, 8', upon which Works the fork h of lever T. Ashifter, 25', extends out to the front end of the apparatus, and whenoperated to throw belt is onto the fast pulley Z the disk W is set inrotation in the direction shown by arrows.

It will be observed that from the time the pin 8 is at the right-handlimit of its throw till it rises to the dotted position in Fig. 3 it isdepressing the sheave'g, and therefore elevating the tools, and from thedotted position down to the said point of starting the sheave g is freeto rise and the tools to drop; hence in every revolution of the disk Wthe tools fall in one-fourth the time taken in lifting them, giving aneffective blow every time. This is done, too, in an easy and gradualmovement without noise and without producing severe shocks to the wholemachinery.

To prevent undue chafing of rope e, we place a friction-sleeve, e, onthe central part of shaft Z, on which rope e rides between drum A andsheave g.

By the foregoing construction all the operations necessary in drilling awell can be quickly and easily effected without jolting or jarring.

All the controlling levers and devices are at the front end of themachine within instant reach of the operator. He can feed the drill downat the mostlimited rate, or rapidly, ac cording to the naturev of therock under the drill. He can instantly stop the rise and fall of thedrill, lift it out of the well, lower the sand-pump and take out thesand, drop the drill quickly, and proceed with drilling, and

all without moving away from his position at the end of the machinewhere the well is being drilled.

IVe claim as our invention 1. In a well-drilling apparatus, theeon1bination, with the frame thereof, of a derrick, c, pivoted above itsbottom, rope or ropes n, attached thereto and to a windingshaft, Z, onsaid frame a, gear-wheel i on said shaft, a worm, is, meshing therewith,and a hand wheel or crank, m, substantially as described.

2. In a well-drilling apparatus, a drum having the drillingrope hitchedthereto and unwinding by the gravitation of the drillingtool, andprovided with a gear-Wheel, in combination with a hand-operated worm,normally locking said drum by. engaging with the gear wheel, butconstructed and adapted to be ungeared and geared therewith at pleasure,substantially as described.

In a well-drilling ap iaratus, a windingdruni, A, for the drilling-rope,having a gear- Wheel, 0, attached thereto, in combination with thepulley E on the main shaft B, belt F, shaft I, having fast and loosepulleys G H, and pinion '0, and a shifter, L, for said belt,substantially as described.

at. In a well-drilling apparatus, the combination of drum A, havingratchet-Wheel 9' fixed thereto, loose gear-wheel 1), having pawl q, and

'longitndinally-1novable norm 8, substantially the drilling-rope, andfork h, in combination with the shaft 1", having crank-pin s, andgearwheel V, pinion p, shaft a, fast and loose pulley thereon, a belt,7;, and driving pulley P, substantially as described.

In testimony that We claim the foregoing as our own We have heretoaflixed our signatures in presence of two witnesses:

JOHN CORNER, JR. HEXRY A. OTTO.

Witnesses:

THOMAS OConnon, Tnos. J. MoTIoI-In.

